FORMATION OF TITANIUM OXYCARBONITRIDE PHASE VIA CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION OF ILMENITE FROM LANGKAWI BLACK SAND

SHARIFAH NADIYA SYED YAHYA; Che Nurul Syahida binti Deraman; Nur Hidayah binti Ahmad Zaidi; Nur Khuzaima Azman

SHARIFAH NADIYA SYED YAHYA PhD Multimedia
Che Nurul Syahida binti Deraman
Nur Hidayah binti Ahmad Zaidi
Nur Khuzaima Azman

Abstract

Formation of titanium oxycarbonitride phase via carbothermal reduction of ilmenite from Langkawi black sand was studied. The reduction of black sand sample was carried out at temperature 1200 ˚C and 1400 ˚C, and were carried out using the pellets in horizontal tube with continuously flowing N₂ gas. Carbothermal reduction and nitridation was investigated in 100 vol. % of nitrogen gas with flow rate of 1 L/min. From this studied, 0 and 5 wt. % of sodium sulphate was added to the black sand and coal mixture before reduction. The addition of sodium sulphate acted as catalyst and increased the chemical reaction. Characterization of unreduced and reduced black sand was done by X-ray diffraction for phase identification. The iron were almost completely out and separated from the reduced sample of Langkawi black sand. The formation of titanium oxycarbonitride (TiO_xC_yN_z) were appeared in all the sample.